The issue between India and Khalistan primarily revolves around the demand for an independent Sikh state called Khalistan. This demand has its roots in a complex history of political, social, and religious factors:
1. Historical Background: The demand for Khalistan emerged in the 1970s and 1980s due to various grievances among the Sikh community in India. Some Sikhs felt marginalized and believed that their religious and cultural identity was not adequately represented or protected by the Indian government.
2. Operation Blue Star: In 1984, the Indian government launched Operation Blue Star, a military operation to remove Sikh militants who had taken refuge in the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar. The operation resulted in significant casualties and damage to the holy site, leading to widespread anger and resentment among Sikhs.
3. Assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi: Following Operation Blue Star, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards in 1984. This tragic event led to anti-Sikh riots in which thousands of Sikhs were killed in various parts of India.
4. Militant Movements: In the 1980s and 1990s, several Sikh militant groups, such as the Khalistan Commando Force, Babbar Khalsa, and others, carried out acts of violence in pursuit of the Khalistan cause. This resulted in a period of insurgency and conflict in the Punjab region.
5. Government Response: The Indian government responded to the insurgency with counter-terrorism measures, leading to significant loss of life and human rights abuses on both sides. Over time, the insurgency was largely quelled, but tensions and grievances persisted.
6. Current Status: As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, the demand for Khalistan had significantly diminished compared to the 1980s and 1990s. However, some Sikh diaspora groups outside India continue to advocate for Khalistan, while others in India focus on political and cultural autonomy within the Indian state.
Please note that the situation may have evolved since then, and it's essential to refer to the latest news and developments for the most up-to-date information on the India-Khalistan issue.